Single-cell Raman and mass spectrometry analysis to probe cellular heterogeneity in tamoxifen uptake and metabolism.

ABSTRACT: Current drug discovery is limited by the lack of single-cell data on drug uptake, metabolism, and effects, as population-level methods obscure cellular heterogeneity. While single-cell RNA sequencing has revealed drug resistance mechanisms, it cannot simultaneously measure drug concentrations and cellular responses. Raman spectroscopy probes single-cell drug effects but lacks sensitivity for drug or its metabolite quantification, whereas single-cell mass spectrometry (MS) offers high sensitivity but consumes samples, preventing repeated measurements. Integrating Raman spectroscopy with MS enables simultaneous assessment of cellular states and drug metabolism. However, existing studies are limited by small sample sizes and single drug concentrations. We employ a combined single-cell Raman a

SUBMITTER: Zhang C 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12431888 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature