Biomarkers for the diagnosis of indeterminate pulmonary nodules: are we there yet?

ABSTRACT: Indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs), which are nodules that cannot be classified as definitively benign or malignant at the time of detection, are now diagnosed on the order of millions per year. Management of IPNs remains heavily debated, and routine practice ultimately involves some balance of overall clinical risk assessment and additional diagnostic tests or procedures which may generate significant risk, cost, and worry. Biomarkers are biologically based tests or indicators capable of accurately characterizing the physiologic properties of homeostasis and disease that are not otherwise easily evaluated by the clinician. Accurate biomarkers thereby serve as reliable surrogates for biological aberrancy, and importantly for the field of diagnostics, can signal early pathology before i

SUBMITTER: McGann KC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12433071 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature