High BMI and smoking jointly cause COPD: a Mendelian randomisation study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

We tested the hypothesis that genetically high body mass index (BMI) and genetically high tobacco smoking jointly are causally associated with a higher risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) than each risk factor alone.

Methods

We used two large Danish population-based cohort studies, The Copenhagen City Heart Study and the Copenhagen General Population Study linked to national Danish patient discharge and death registries. For the genetic analysis, we included 112 943 adults genotyped for five BMI and one tobacco smoking increasing gene variant. Risk ratios with 95% CIs for COPD were estimated for the risk factors in combination and individually by use of allele scores for BMI and smoking.

Results

Separately, both high BMI and tobacco smoking

SUBMITTER: Mikkelsen H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12434778 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature