Adolescents' internalizing and externalizing symptom trajectories in relation to early-life parental depressive symptoms.

ABSTRACT:

Background

While risk factors for children's internalizing and externalizing symptom trajectories have been widely studied, their association with parental depressive symptom trajectories has yet to be explored.

Methods

We used data from a prospective birth cohort of 2,542 Czech children and their parents. Children reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms at ages 11, 15, and 18 years. Parental depressive symptoms were assessed eight times from the prenatal period to the child's age of 11 years. Latent Class Growth Mixture Modeling identified parallel trajectories of children's symptoms. Five parental depressive symptom trajectories were adopted from previous research.

Results

We identified four distinct classes of children's symptom trajectories: (1) low inte

SUBMITTER: Csajbok Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12438980 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature