Effectiveness of pharmacological procedural sedation in children with cerebral palsy undergoing botulinum toxin injection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

ABSTRACT: Botulinum toxin injection (BTI) is a well-established therapeutic option for focal spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, the procedure is associated with significant anxiety, pain, and discomfort, highlighting the importance of using sedation and distraction techniques. To date, no specific guideline exists for procedural sedation during BTI in children with CP. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the strategies for improving the experience of children with CP during BTI. Articles published up to July 2024 were identified through PubMed searches, and after screening, ten studies involving children aged 0-18 with CP were selected. Pain levels during BTI procedure was assessed using specific pain scales. Nitrous oxide was used as a

SUBMITTER: Lazzaretto V 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12440712 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature