Aetokthonotoxin, the Causative Agent of Vacuolar Myelinopathy, Uncouples Oxidative Phosphorylation due to Protonophore Activity.

ABSTRACT: Aetokthonotoxin (AETX) is an emerging environmental toxin produced by the freshwater cyanobacterium Aetokthonos hydrillicola. Accumulating in the food chain, it causes vacuolar myelinopathy, a neurological disease affecting a wide range of wildlife characterized by the development of large intramyelinic vacuoles in the white matter of the brain. So far, the mode of action of AETX is unknown. After discovering that AETX is cytostatic and arrests cancer cell lines in the G₁ phase, metabolomic profiling of AETX-treated cells as well as an assessment of the physicochemical properties of the compound suggested that AETX is a weakly acidic uncoupler of mitochondrial respiration. We confirmed this hypothesis by in vitro assays on mammalian cells, finding that AETX has the

SUBMITTER: Rebhahn VIC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12442230 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature