Exploring the Adsorption Efficiency of Sulfonated Graphene Oxide for Ciprofloxacin Removal from Aqueous Solution: Insights from Density Functional Theory, Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Reusability.

ABSTRACT: The pollution of water resources with pharmaceutical substances poses a critical threat to global health and environmental stability. This study demonstrates a highly effective method for removing ciprofloxacin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic and pharmaceutical contaminant, from aqueous solutions using sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) as an adsorbent. Comprehensive experiments, supported by density functional theory (DFT) analysis, confirm the strong interaction between ciprofloxacin and SGO through microscopy, spectroscopy, and theoretical techniques. The study rigorously evaluates the impacts of adsorption time, medium pH, adsorbent quantity, ciprofloxacin concentration, inorganic cations, and temperature on adsorption performance, providing compelling evidence of SGO's superior performance

SUBMITTER: Shaha CK 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12444538 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature