Engineered vesicles facilitate the programmed transdermal-intestinal delivery of cinnabar for insomnia mitigation by modulating serotonin-Htr1d-cAMP.

ABSTRACT: Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder and it affects brain development, with pediatric populations being particularly vulnerable. Cinnabar, a mineral drug composed of HgS, has demonstrated efficacy in alleviating insomnia through suppressing the overactivity of glutamate receptors (NMDA/AMPA), etc. However, oral administration of cinnabar poses risks, including binding with hemoglobin and accumulation in tissues and organs, resulting in neurotoxicity. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel transdermal and intestinal targeting programmed nanoplatform for cinnabar delivery (TAT/CSK-cinnabar vesicle, TCCV), of which, cinnabar was encapsulated within a lipid vesicle, which was then co-engineered with cell-penetrating peptide TAT and the intestinal-targeting CSK ligand. Accordingl

SUBMITTER: Ren Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12446551 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature