Effects of carbohydrate, caffeine, and combined mouth rinses on physiological and perceptual responses during high-intensity interval exercise following a pre-exercise meal: a double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover trial.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Mouth rinsing with carbohydrate (CHO), caffeine (CAF), and their combined (CHO+CAF) solutions has been shown to enhance exercise performance. However, most previous studies were conducted under fasted conditions, which may not accurately reflect the typical practices of athletes who generally consume food before intense exercise or competition. This study examined the effects of CHO, CAF, and CHO+CAF mouth rinses on physiological and perceptual responses during high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) following a pre-exercise meal.

Methods

Twelve recreationally active males (age: 23.4 ± 3.2 years) completed four HIIE trials involving 8 bouts of 1-min cycling at 85% of peak power output (PPO), separated by 1-min active recovery at 20% of PPO. Using a double-blinded

SUBMITTER: Suen MW 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12447459 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature