Poverty and Social Disadvantage in Women and Men and Fertility Outcomes.

ABSTRACT:

Importance

Poverty and social disadvantage are associated with increased risks of pregnancy complications. It is not known whether poverty and social disadvantage are associated with subfertility and miscarriage risks.

Objective

To assess whether poverty and markers of social disadvantage, including low educational level and household income among both women and men, are associated with subfertility and miscarriage risks.

Design, setting, and participants

This population-based prospective cohort study, which was conducted in an urban setting in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, between August 9, 2017, and July 1, 2021, included women and their partners from the preconception period onward with follow-up until birth. The date of analysis was July 8, 2025.

Exposures

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SUBMITTER: Boxem AJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12449726 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature