Community-Level Compact City Design, Health Care Provision, and Outcomes of Patients With Stroke.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The optimal scale of urbanization for stroke health care provision and the potential impact of compact city design on stroke outcomes remain unclear. We investigated the impact of zip code area-level compact city design using the walkability index (WI) and its mediators on stroke outcomes.

Methods

This nationwide retrospective study used data from patients with stroke from the J-ASPECT study (2017-2022). WI was calculated as the average of 3 Z-scored city design elements (population density, road connectivity, and variation in walkable facilities) from 113 1156 zip code areas in Japan. The association between WI and in-hospital mortality, functional independence at discharge, and medical costs was assessed using multivariable mixed-effects logistic regressi

SUBMITTER: Imaoka Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12449981 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature