TNF Production or TNFR2 Expression Characterize Distinct States of Regulatory T Cells that Cooperate in Treg Expansion in Cancer and Chronic Inflammation.

ABSTRACT: TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine with immunomodulatory functions mediated by its interaction with the receptor TNFR2, highly expressed by Tregs. However, Tregs can also produce TNF, and an autocrine TNF-TNFR2 loop has been proposed. Here, we describe that both human and mouse Tregs produce TNF in physiological conditions, in several mouse organs, and in mouse models of chronic inflammation and cancer. However, TNF production and TNFR2 expression are differentially distributed: indeed, TNFR2⁺ and TNFR2^- Treg subsets are, respectively, poor and strong TNF producers. The two subsets of TNFR2⁺ and TNFR2^- Tregs partially maintain their different ability to produce TNF when separately stimulated ex vivo. However, when cocultured, the TNFR2⁺ cel

SUBMITTER: Tucci G 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12451257 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature