Rapid riparian ecosystem decline in Rocky Mountain National Park.

ABSTRACT: Understanding the drivers of ecosystem collapse is critical for resource management, particularly for protected areas mandated to preserve biodiversity. In Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, tall willows (Salix spp.) dominated riparian vegetation, and a beaver-willow state was the natural ecosystem type in the Colorado River headwaters. However, willows comprise a portion of elk diets and are a preferred food for recently introduced moose, and the vegetation structure has changed dramatically since the early 2000s. To assess ecosystem changes, we analyzed time-series data on willow height from 1997 to 2021 inside and outside 3 exclosures built to exclude ungulates, area of tall willows in 1999 and 2019, area of open water from 1953 to 2019, vegetation composition in 1998 and 2021, gro

SUBMITTER: Cooper DJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12451483 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature