Dairy byproducts as sustainable alternatives to FCS in 2D and 3D skeletal muscle cell cultures.

ABSTRACT: Skeletal muscle tissue engineering is a rapidly developing field with applications in disease modelling, tissue replacement, biorobotics, and cultivated meat. The need for more sustainable and ethical biotechnologies has grown due to concerns about resource scarcity, climate change, and animal welfare. One major challenge is replacing fetal calf serum (FCS), a widely used but ethically and environmentally highly problematic media supplement. A promising alternative is the utilization of natural byproducts such as whey and colostrum from the dairy industry, which provide essential nutrients and growth factors. In this study, wheys produced by microfiltration of raw milk and colostrum were investigated as FCS replacements for culturing C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. Composition analysis confir

SUBMITTER: Baldeweg TH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12454707 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature