Sex differences in relapse-independent and relapse-associated disability progression in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a real-world inverse-probability weighted study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Sex differences in multiple sclerosis (MS) progression are poorly characterized, especially for disability worsening independent of relapses.

Objectives

To assess sex-specific risks of progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), relapse and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) activity (PIRMA), and relapse-associated worsening (RAW) in a real-world MS cohort, quantify each event's contribution to disability accumulation, and explore variation across clinical subgroups.

Design

Inverse probability-weighted analysis of adults with relapsing-remitting MS ambispectively enrolled in a local registry who had their first recorded neurological evaluation within 12 months of MS onset.

Methods

We used weighted conditional proportional hazard models for recu

SUBMITTER: Foschi M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12457755 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature