Cognitive trajectories among English- and Spanish-test-takers in the NACC.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cognitive assessments were traditionally developed using English-speaking populations, creating a potential disadvantage and misrepresentation for non-English speakers. We aimed to determine whether English- and Spanish-test-takers have similar or different cognitive trajectories.

Methods

Participants included 931 Hispanic/Latino adults from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. Using mixed-effects regression analyses, we examined baseline differences and longitudinal changes in memory, attention/working memory, executive functioning, and language between Spanish- and English-test-takers. Models controlled for age at baseline, education, sex, Hispanic/Latino heritage, and cognitive status.

Results

English-test-takers performed significantly better t

SUBMITTER: Araujo-Menendez CEE 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12457917 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature