Understanding proneural-mesenchymal transition using patient-derived glioma stem-like cell (GSC) organoids and engineered extracellular matrix.

ABSTRACT: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive, angiogenic WHO grade IV glioma marked by rapid progression, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis. A defining feature of GBM is the presence of glioma stem-like cells (GSCs), which reside in specialized perivascular niches and drive tumor progression, recurrence, and therapeutic resistance. The blood-brain barrier, coupled with the complex and dynamic tumor microenvironment, poses significant challenges for both treatment and mechanistic investigation. Current in vitro GBM models inadequately recapitulate the structural and biochemical cues of the native perivascular niche due to the absence of functional vasculature and brain-mimetic extracellular matrix (ECM), limiting their physiological relevance and predictive power. To addres

SUBMITTER: McManis A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12458174 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature