Autophagy inhibition improves the efficacy of anlotinib and PD-1 inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are major non-tumor cellular components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are closely related to immune suppression. The enhancement of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) efficacy by antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors (TKIs) is partly due to the elimination of CAFs, which improves the immunosuppressive microenvironment. However, it remains unclear whether antiangiogenic TKIs regulate the autophagy of CAFs, thereby affecting the immunotherapy response.

Methods

We first examined the effects of autophagy inhibition and anlotinib on the TME and immunotherapy response via animal experiments. Then, CAF models were established in vitro. The effects and mechanisms of autophagy inhibition on the efficacy o

SUBMITTER: Tang H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12458816 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature