Burden, risk factors, and forecasts of gout in BRICS countries, 1990-2021: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To evaluate the temporal trends and projected burden of gout in BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries from 1990 to 2021, based on Global Burden of Disease 2021 data, and to explore the contributions of key risk factors.

Methods

Age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR), years lived with disability rates (ASYR), and case counts were extracted from the GBD Results Tool. Temporal trends were assessed using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC). Joinpoint regression evaluated time-varying changes in ASYR attributable to high BMI (Body Mass Index) and kidney dysfunction. ARIMA models forecasted ASPR and ASYR through 2036.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, ASPR and ASYR increased globally and in all BRICS nations. In 2021, China recorded th

SUBMITTER: Mo Q 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12459839 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature