Clustering environmental pollutants associated with increased risk of metabolic disease: a hierarchical analysis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which affects one-third of the population of the United States, is a risk factor for chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Heavy metals (HM) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) are environmental factors typically occurring as mixtures. Although exposures to these substances have been studied separately, the impact of combined HM and VOC exposure on humans and their subsequent risk of developing MetS has not been explored. This study investigates whether combined exposure to HMs and VOCs affects the risk of developing MetS.

Methods

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database from 2011 to 2020 was used to determine exposure to HMs and VOCs detected in urine samples from i

SUBMITTER: Scardino B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12460862 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature