Enrichment of Low-Abundance and Low-Molecular-Weight Proteins in Human Milk Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics.

ABSTRACT: Human milk is a uniquely complex biological fluid, rich in bioactive components such as proteins, antibodies, enzymes, and hormones that are critical for immunity, development, and disease prevention. However, studying these trace proteins requires specialized depletion methods to counteract the dominance of abundant proteins. In this study, we systematically evaluated five different protein depletion methods: centrifugation, organic solvent-based approaches, acid precipitation, and a commercial kit (CK) to assess their efficacy in enriching low-abundance proteins (LAPs) for LC-MS/MS analysis. The comparative analysis of different depletion methods selectively enriched the sequencing depth of LAPs, highlighting the necessity of method selection in milk proteomics research. Our results furt

SUBMITTER: Singh A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12461359 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature