Possible Trace of HMF Thermal Oxidation for Titanium-Based Catalysts: Succinic Acid, Furoic Acid, and Maleic Acid.

ABSTRACT: Titanium dioxide is used extensively in ultraviolet-visible irradiation to induce oxidation. However, this method relies on daylight harvesting. Alternatively, our experiment utilized titanium dioxide directly under thermal excitation. Three different titanium oxide-based catalysts, i.e., commercial titanium dioxide Degussa P25, black titanium dioxide, and black titanium dioxide modified with copper oxide, were investigated at moderate temperatures (70 and 120 °C). The utilization of titanium-based catalysts with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) in alkaline water is practical for oxidizing carbonyl derivatives of furan to one or two carbon-less carboxylic acids, such as succinic acid (selective to 38-87%), furoic acid (selective to 0-70%), and maleic acid (selective to 3-39%), under

SUBMITTER: Upasen S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12461429 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature