Fetal Body Composition and Organ Growth in Pregnancies Complicated by First-Trimester Vaginal Bleeding Status: NICHD Fetal 3D Study.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to explore associations between self-reported first-trimester vaginal bleeding status and fetal body composition and organ volumes measured by three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound across pregnancy.The NICHD Fetal 3D Study (2015-2019) included individuals with singleton pregnancies at low risk for fetal growth abnormalities (n = 2,634). Fetal body composition measures of arm, abdomen, and thigh, and organ volumes including cerebellum, lung, kidney, and liver, were measured up to five times between 15 and 40 weeks using 3D ultrasound. Women were grouped by cumulative days of self-reported first-trimester vaginal bleeding: 0 (no bleeding, reference), 1, or >1 day. Linear mixed models, with quadratic and cubic terms for gestational age, including global tests for overall d

SUBMITTER: Jean-Louis A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12461612 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature