A Key to Material's Stability: Tuning Pyrolysis Temperature in SnS_x@C Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

ABSTRACT: Developing robust and efficient anodes is essential for advancing sodium-ion battery technology. Herein, a systematic investigation of SnS_x@C composites prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures to elucidate how their structural, surface, and electrochemical properties govern sodium-ion storage is reported. The study reveals that a lower synthesis temperature traps extra sulfur within the carbon matrix, which hampers the complete SnS conversion reaction and Na⁺ intercalation processes. In contrast, pyrolysis at 800 °C facilitates more thorough sulfur release, yielding a defect-rich but stable carbon matrix that supports enhanced sodiation/desodiation reversibility. Operando Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling confirm that the pyr

SUBMITTER: Zarach Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12462594 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature