Maximizing Efficacy of Cancer Nanovaccines and Immune Cells Landscape in Responders and Non-Responders to Immunotherapy.

ABSTRACT: Adjuvants, formulations, and processing of tumor antigens (collection, lysis, purification, and oxidation) can affect the therapeutic efficacy of cancer vaccines. To maximize their efficacy, adjuvants and their combinations are investigated to prepare vaccines with whole tumor antigens. By comparing different nano/micro-vaccines, ≤ 400 nm and 2.5 µm, respectively, are identified as their optimal sizes. When used alone, the optimal cancer vaccine cures all or most tumor-bearing mice with melanoma, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and melanoma lung metastasis. The landscape of immune cells in the blood, splenocytes, and draining lymph nodes of vaccine-treated mice is systematically investigated using single-cell sequencing. The diversity of CD8⁺ T cell receptors (TCR), CD4⁺

SUBMITTER: Xu X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12463128 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature