Impact of Acute and Sub-Acute Gluten Exposure on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Psychological Responses in Non-Coeliac Gluten Sensitivity: A Randomised Crossover Study.

ABSTRACT:

Background/aims

Non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is a controversial entity, characterised by symptom improvement with gluten exclusion in the absence of coeliac disease. We primarily investigated the effects of acute and sub-acute gluten on psychological and mood profiles, with secondary outcomes examining gastrointestinal symptoms and biological markers in healthy controls (HC) and individuals with NCGS.

Methods

A randomised, single-blind, crossover study used acute (16 g gluten or whey in yoghurt) and sub-acute (gluten-containing (16 g) or gluten-free muffins per day for 5 days) challenges. (Extra)intestinal symptoms, intestinal permeability, high-sensitive C-reactive protein and cortisol awakening response were assessed. Responses over time were analysed using genera

SUBMITTER: Iven J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12463691 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature