The independent and combined effects of smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on body mass index trajectories.

ABSTRACT: Low body mass index (BMI) is a common feature of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but in the general population, cigarette smoking is also associated with low body weight. Many people with COPD remain smokers after diagnosis, and it is unclear whether low BMI is because of the disease itself or its most common risk factor. We aim to assess the independent and combined effects of smoking and COPD on BMI trajectories. 27,651 patients without COPD and 25,990 with COPD from The Health Improvement Network (2005-2019) were grouped into: never-smokers, former smokers, sustained quitters, intermittent smokers, and continuous smokers (ten total COPD-smoking status groups). BMI trajectories over 10-year time horizon were modeled by these status groups using multivariable mixed-eff

SUBMITTER: Keene SJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12464297 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature