Rare-Earth Ion Intercalation in Graphene via Thermal and Electrostatic Control.

ABSTRACT: Atomic-scale control and understanding the controlling strategy of ion intercalation are pivotal for advancing energy storage, quantum technologies, and adaptive electronics. While intercalation - the insertion of ions into layered materials - has transformative potential, the mechanisms driving it, particularly for rare-earth ions, remain poorly understood. Here, a thermal-electrostatic strategy is developed to achieve reversible and tunable europium ion intercalation that enables precise control over intercalation dynamics. This study investigates how temperature and voltage influence the intercalation of europium ions into bilayer graphene. Our results reveal the formation of a 2D europium layer and ionic state of intercalation europium within the graphene structure, providing fundament

SUBMITTER: Feng M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12464637 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature