Assessment of Cytokines TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, TGF-beta-1, and IL-10 in Malaria Patients of the River Nile State , Sudan: A critical study of immune response.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Malaria, a prevalent disease in Sudan, has a significant impact on socioeconomic conditions. Cytokines play a crucial role in regulating the immune response during infectious diseases. This study investigates the interplay between malaria and immune response modulation in the River Nile State, focusing on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), and interleukin-10 (IL-10).

Method

Ninety participants with microscopy-confirmed malaria were enrolled. Parasite density and COVID-19 co-infection were assessed. Cytokine levels were measured using ELISA.

Results

TNF-α, IFN-γ, and TGF-β1 levels were significantly associated with parasite density (P < 0.05), but not IL-10. TGF-β1 was significantly highe

SUBMITTER: Hamad MNM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12465133 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature