Beyond Antioxidants: How Redox Pathways Shape Cellular Signaling and Disease Outcomes.

ABSTRACT: Cellular redox pathways are critical regulators of various biological processes, including the intricate modulation of intracellular signaling pathways. This review explores how major redox enzymes-such as catalase, superoxide dismutases, glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxins, and peroxiredoxins-interact with key cellular signaling pathways, including receptor tyrosine kinase, mTORC1/AMPK, Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/SMAD, NF-κB, Hedgehog, Notch, and GPCR signaling. By investigating mechanisms such as ROS-mediated activation, cysteine oxidation, spatial enzyme localization, and phosphatase regulation, we demonstrate the extensive influence of redox balance on cellular signaling dynamics. Understanding these redox-dependent interactions provides insights into pathophysiological conditions ranging

SUBMITTER: Alhaj Sulaiman A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12466437 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature