Genetic Variants and Soluble Isoforms of PD-1/PD-L1 as Novel Biomarkers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) Susceptibility and Prognosis.

ABSTRACT: Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive neoplasm often diagnosed at advanced stages. Immune checkpoint molecules, particularly programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1, are pivotal in tumor immune evasion. Genetic polymorphisms in PD-1/PD-L1 and their soluble isoforms (sPD-1/sPD-L1) may influence individual susceptibility to cancer and disease progression. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the correlation between PD-1/PD-L1 gene polymorphisms, serum levels of sPD-1/sPD-L1, and their association with PDAC susceptibility, severity, and prognostication. Methods: This case-control study was performed with 150 PDAC patients and 150 controls. Clinical and laboratory data, including tumor markers (CA19-9 and CEA), we

SUBMITTER: Hassan M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12467788 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature