A Surveillance of Paracetamol and Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Consumption in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Using Wastewater-Based Epidemiology.

ABSTRACT: Paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most popular first-line analgesics, being freely available without any medical prescription. For this reason, it is difficult to estimate their actual consumption among the population. One tool for surveillance of pharmaceutical use is wastewater-based epidemiology, a useful approach for monitoring public health by analyzing specific biomarkers in wastewater. Background/Objectives: In this study, the consumption of paracetamol and four nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, naproxen, ketoprofen, and diclofenac) was evaluated by analyzing their residues as specific biomarkers in wastewater and the fraction excreted as drug metabolites in urine. Methods: For this purpose, composite wastewater samples were co

SUBMITTER: Beldean-Galea MS 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12471657 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature