Humics-Functionalized Iron(III) Oxyhydroxides as Promising Nanoferrotherapeutics: Synthesis, Characterization, and Efficacy in Iron Delivery.

ABSTRACT: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains a global health challenge. This study pioneers the use of humic substances (HS) as natural, biocompatible macroligands to develop safer and more effective nanoferrotherapeutics. We synthesized a series of nanoscale Fe(III) oxyhydroxide complexes stabilized by different HS, employing various solvents (ethanol, isopropanol, and acetone) and precipitation methods to isolate fractions with optimized properties. The nanocomposites were comprehensively characterized using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, total organic carbon analysis, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity and iron bioavailability of all HS-Fe(III) formulations were assessed in Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. T

SUBMITTER: Zhirkova AM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12472974 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature