Transcriptomic Analysis of Immune Tolerance Induction in NOD Mice Following Oral Vaccination with GAD65-<i>Lactococcus lactis</i>.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. While conventional insulin therapy manages hyperglycemia, it fails to halt autoimmunity. Oral immunotherapy targeting autoantigens like GAD65 offers potential for antigen-specific tolerance; however, its efficacy is limited by gastrointestinal degradation and poor mucosal uptake. Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis), a food-grade delivery vector, enables sustained antigen release and intestinal tract immune modulation, yet the differential transcriptomic mechanisms underlying mucosal versus systemic immune responses remain uncharacterized.

Methods

Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice were randomized into control and GAD65 groups, receiving oral PBS or the GA

SUBMITTER: Xie M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12474109 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature