Economic Burden of Self-Reported Tobacco Smoking Compared with Non-Smoking: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Direct Health Care Costs.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Tobacco smoking remains a global public health challenge, contributing to preventable mortality and morbidity and imposing substantial burdens on health care costs. We investigated whether direct health care costs differ substantially between self-reported tobacco smokers and non-smokers.

Methods

This systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Medline PubMed, Embase, PubMed Central, and Scopus were searched to identify studies of direct health care costs between smokers and non-smokers for participants aged ≥18 years. All observational, prospective, retrospective, and non-randomized comparative studies were considered. Data extraction included mean annual hea

SUBMITTER: Sweis NJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12474721 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature