Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of penicillin G using magnetic silica doped ZnAl- layered double hydroxides.

ABSTRACT: In this study, a magnetic photocatalyst, Fe₃O₄-SiO₂-EN (FSE) doped with Zn-Al-LDH nanocomposites (FSEZAL), was successfully synthesized via the sol-gel method. The catalyst was then applied for the removal of penicillin G (PNG) under solar, visible, and UV irradiation. The optimal conditions for achieving 100% PNG removal were determined to be an initial PNG concentration of 25 mg/L, a solution pH of 3-5, an FSEZAL dose of 0.4 g/L, and a reaction time of 60 min. The study also examined the degradation mechanism and oxidation pathway. The experimental observations highlighted that the catalyst had high reusability, with only a slight decrease in PNG degradation ratios after five consecutive cycles (from 100 to 94.3%). Under UV and visible radiation, PNG (25 

SUBMITTER: Asiri M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12474957 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature