Anti-inflammatory activity of Leonotis nepetifolia leaf essential oil in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and its molecular mechanism of action.

ABSTRACT: The anti-inflammatory activity and the underlying molecular mechanisms of action of the leaf essential oil of Leonotis nepetifolia (LNLEO), traditionally used in folk and ethnomedicine against inflammatory diseases, are evaluated in this study through an in vitro LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage model. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 44 constituents in LNLEO, germacrene D, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and phytol being the predominant terpenoids. Based on the MTT assay, the non-toxic doses of 12.5 and 50 µg/mL of LNLEO were used for in vitro studies. Incubation of LNLEO significantly reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), inflammatory enzymes (iNOS, COX-2), and intracellular ROS, while enhancing the levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GS

SUBMITTER: Mohanta O 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12474989 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature