Codon-specific ribosome stalling reshapes translational dynamics during branched-chain amino acid starvation.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cells regulate protein synthesis in response to fluctuating nutrient availability through mechanisms that affect both translation initiation and elongation. Branched-chain amino acids, leucine, isoleucine, and valine, are essential nutrients. However, how their depletion affects translation remains largely unclear. Here, we investigate the immediate effects of single, double, and triple branched-chain amino acid deprivation on translational dynamics in NIH3T3 cells using RNA-seq and ribosome profiling.

Results

All starvation conditions increased ribosome dwell times, with pronounced stalling at all valine codons during valine and triple starvation, whereas leucine and isoleucine starvation produced milder, codon-specific effects. Notably, stalling under isoleucine

SUBMITTER: Worpenberg L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12476630 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature