Trends in Risk of Pregnancy Loss Among US Women by Metropolitan Status, 2000-2018.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Approximately 20% of pregnancies end in spontaneous loss, an outcome associated with adverse health consequences. Statistically stable estimates of the risk of pregnancy loss are limited for nonmetropolitan populations due to small sample sizes.

Objectives

This study evaluated the utility of the enhanced Modified Kalman Filter (eMKF) in producing estimates of the risk of pregnancy loss for subgroups of US women with small sample sizes to examine recent trends.

Methods

Data from the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG; 2006-2019) were used to estimate trends in the risk of self-reported pregnancy loss (miscarriage, stillbirth, ectopic pregnancy) among US women (15-44 years) who reported at least one completed pregnancy (excluding induced abortions) concei

SUBMITTER: Forrest SE 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12477614 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature