Microstructural Characterization of Ball-Milled Biochar and Its Reinforcing Efficiency in Biobased Thermoplastic Polyurethane through Preferential Embedment in the Soft Segment.

ABSTRACT: In this study, we investigated the reinforcement effects of biochar on a bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane (bio-TPU). The particle size of the biochar was reduced and controlled by using a planetary ball milling process under varying milling conditions. The structure and morphology of ball-milled biochar (BBC) were thoroughly characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. Bio-TPU/BBC composites were fabricated via melt compounding. The BBC was found to be preferentially localized within the soft segment (SS) phase of the TPU, as indicated by enhanced crystallization of the SS and a shift in its glass transition temperature (T _g) to hi

SUBMITTER: Manna K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12478856 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature