The association between intraoperative end-tidal carbon dioxide and prognosis in cardiac surgery patients: a retrospective cohort study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

To evaluate the association between intraoperative end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO₂) levels and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Methods

This retrospective analysis included patients who underwent cardiac surgery at Seoul National University Hospital in South Korea from 2011 to 2020. The primary exposure variable was the mean ETCO₂ level, and the primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and 30-day postoperative mortality. Secondary outcomes included the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), and total hospital LOS. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were employed to assess the association between ETCO₂ and the primary outcomes. These models were adjusted for demographi

SUBMITTER: Zhang Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12482370 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature