Glycemic control modifies LDL-C-DKD risk: a U-shaped association in well-controlled type 2 diabetes.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) risk remains controversial, with limited evidence on its interaction with modifiable risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the dose-response relationship between LDL-C and DKD risk in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

A retrospective cohort of 3,040 patients with T2D without baseline DKD was followed. Association between LDL-C and DKD risk was analyzed using Cox regression analysis, interaction analysis, and restricted cubic splines (RCS). Sensitivity analyses excluded lipid-lowering medication users, and threshold effects were validated using piecewise regression and survival analysis.

Results

A total of 665 (21.9%) patients deve

SUBMITTER: Zheng K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12483909 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature