Case Report: En bloc resection of inferior vena cava and renal cell carcinoma with level IV tumor thrombus associated with tumor thrombus embolization to the pulmonary arteries: presence of blood vessels inside the tumor thrombus.

ABSTRACT: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an aggressive kidney cancer often diagnosed at an advanced stage. This type of kidney tumor can be associated with tumor thrombus (TT), which can extend into the inferior vena cava (IVC) and, in severe cases, into the right side of the heart. Managing RCC with TT is particularly complex when extension of the TT into the right heart is present, as the use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) aid in performing a complete TT surgical resection. In terms of tumor neo-vessels, solid tumors such as RCC-TT depend on a vascularized connective tissue stroma for growth, proliferation and malformation which are supported by various factors promoting these processes. Herein, we present the case of a 69-year-old patient

SUBMITTER: Dugarte J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12484219 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature