ANN assisted optimization of phosgene free hexamethylene diisocyanate production for economic and environmental benefits.

ABSTRACT: The production of hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate (HDI) via carbamate cracking avoids the use of phosgene; however, the environmental impact of this non-phosgene synthesis route has not been thoroughly studied. Conventional process simulations typically focus solely on economic indicators, which may overlook important environmental considerations. We have developed a multi-objective optimization framework that collectively accounts for total annual cost, green degree and total energy consumption for such a non-phosgene synthesis process of HDI. We used data from rigorous simulations to construct a surrogate model based on artificial neural networks. This model simplifies the numerical correlation among optimization objectives and process/operational parameters. The bat algorithm was employe

SUBMITTER: Liu B 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12484567 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature