Differences in inflammatory markers, mitochondrial function, and synaptic proteins in male and female Alzheimer's disease post mortem brains.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Inflammation and mitochondrial impairments are suggested to underlie Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. This study examined whether metabolic, synaptic, and inflammatory markers in AD differed from non-demented brains.

Methods

Male and female AD brains were analyzed by immunofluorescence, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based cytokine, and mitochondrial respiration analysis.

Results

AD brains had greater Akt phosphorylation, but only AD males had greater downstream mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylation. AD females showed lower mitochondrial complex IV respiration. AD brains had greater expression of synaptic markers α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, glutamate receptor 1, and synaptophysin, while AD females ha

SUBMITTER: Yang AJT 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12485286 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature