Evolution and diversification of Ca²⁺/H⁺ exchangers: insights into karst-plant adaption to high-calcium environment.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Calcium (Ca²⁺) is a critical mineral essential for plant growth, development, and signal transduction. The CAX (Ca²⁺/H⁺ exchanger) family represents a group of key transmembrane transporters that mediate Ca²⁺ transport and homeostasis, thereby playing a central role in regulating various physiological processes. Although previous studies have addressed the functional characterization of certain CAX proteins, a comprehensive understanding of their evolutionary origins and trajectory remains limited.

Results

We identified 216 CAX proteins from 49 green plant species and performed in-depth phylogenetic and expression analyses. Our phylogenetic results suggest that CAX proteins originated early in plant evolution, with a presence detectable even

SUBMITTER: Yang E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12486655 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature