Tumor-infiltrating plasma cells are a prognostic factor in penile squamous cell carcinoma.

ABSTRACT: Penile cancer (PeCa) is a rare disease with poor prognosis in the metastatic stage. Neither effective adjuvant nor palliative therapeutic options are available. Research efforts in this field have so far failed to establish robust predictors of survival. To identify prognostic targets in PeCa, the current project focused on characterizing the tumor microenvironment (TME). A study cohort of 93 men with PeCa was used for the construction of a tissue microarray and immunohistochemical staining for CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD56, CD138, FoxP3, and PD-L1. The quantity and spatial distribution of tumor-infiltrating immune cells were analyzed using digital image analysis. PD-L1 staining of tumor and immune cells was manually scored (combined positivity score (CPS)). T cells, T helper cells, cytotoxic

SUBMITTER: Stenzel PJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12488782 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature