Backflow H⁺ during interfacial polymerization matters to configure spatial charges of polyamide membranes.

ABSTRACT: Well-compatible with current industrial manufacturing and diverse applications, interfacial polymerization (IP) and IP-based polyamide nanofiltration membranes have evoked extensive research. Wherein, aside from tailoring pore sizes, regulating charged features of membranes remains challenging. Re-visiting principles of interfacial amide condensation, HCl byproducts are found exerting disparate effects in interfacial diffusion and ensuing amidation reaction. Exemplified by classic aqueous monomers-piperazine, H⁺ byproducts or equivalents, backflowing from IP zone and associating with amine groups of up-migrating piperazine or surrounding oligomers to alleviate the amidation, unexpectedly escort more amines to terminate polyamide chains for enhanced positive moieties. Resulting N

SUBMITTER: Gao Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12488854 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature