Bilirubin-polymer nanocarriers enable targeted farrerol delivery for glaucoma neuroprotection via Nrf2-mediated ferroptosis/apoptosis inhibition.

ABSTRACT: Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration with limited treatment options. The natural flavonoid farrerol exhibits neuroprotective potential through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects, but its therapeutic application is limited by poor bioavailability and photodegradation. This study investigates farrerol's neuroprotective mechanisms and develops an optimized nanoformulation for enhanced efficacy. In vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) and in vivo ischemia-reperfusion (IR) models demonstrate that farrerol significantly improves RGC survival and visual function. Mechanistic studies reveal that farrerol activates the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant pathw

SUBMITTER: Wang J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12489836 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature