Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease attributable to red meat consumption from 1990 to 2021.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

High red meat is a crucial risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, detailed reports on the burden of CKD due to red meat are limited. We aimed to assess the global, regional and national trends in CKD attributable to high red meat.

Study design

A comprehensive analysis was performed using data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021.

Methods

Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) were key parameters used to evaluate CKD burden. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to evaluate the secular trends of ASMR/ASDR. We further explored the associations of socio-demographic index (SDI) with ASMR/ASDR.

Results

From 1990 to 2021, CKD caused by high red meat led to a continuous

SUBMITTER: Gu J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12491058 | biostudies-literature | 2025

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature